The pursuit of understanding darkish matter, which contains 85 % of the universe’s mass, might take a big leap ahead with a close-by supernova. Researchers on the College of California, Berkeley, led by Affiliate Professor of Physics Benjamin Safdi, have theorised that the elusive particle generally known as the axion may be detected inside moments of gamma rays being emitted from such an occasion. Axions, predicted to emerge throughout the collapse of a large star’s core right into a neutron star, might rework into gamma rays within the presence of intense magnetic fields, providing a possible breakthrough in physics.
Potential Position of Gamma-Ray Telescopes
The examine was printed in Bodily Overview Letters and revealed that the gamma rays produced from axions might verify the particle’s mass and properties if detected. The Fermi Gamma-ray House Telescope, presently the one gamma-ray observatory in orbit, would have to be pointed instantly on the supernova, with the chance of this alignment estimated at solely 10 %. A detection would revolutionise darkish matter analysis, whereas the absence of gamma rays would constrain the vary of axion lots, rendering many present darkish matter experiments redundant.
Challenges in Catching the Occasion
For detection, the supernova should happen inside the Milky Means or its satellite tv for pc galaxies—an occasion averaging as soon as each few a long time. The final such incidence, supernova 1987A, lacked delicate sufficient gamma-ray gear. Safdi emphasised the necessity for preparedness, proposing a constellation of satellites, named GALAXIS, to make sure 24/7 sky protection.
Axion’s Theoretical Significance
The axion, supported by theories like quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and string idea, bridges gaps in physics, doubtlessly linking gravity with quantum mechanics. In contrast to neutrinos, axions might convert into photons in sturdy magnetic fields, offering distinctive indicators. Laboratory experiments like ABRACADABRA and ALPHA are additionally probing for axions, however their sensitivity is restricted in comparison with the situation of a close-by supernova. Safdi expressed urgency, noting that lacking such an occasion might delay axion detection by a long time, underscoring the excessive stakes of this astrophysical endeavour.
